最近南华早报刊了一篇文章:新疆:关于中国的反恐战争,西方没有告诉你的事情https://www.scmp.com/comment/opinion/article/3129325/xinjiang-what-west-doesnt-tell-you-about-chinas-war-terror
Sean(乔治华盛顿大学教授,知名新疆问题研究者)读到之后,在推特上作出了如下批判:
https://twitter.com/robertsreport/status/1382739592101650443
翻译 @thphd
If I can find the time, I will try to publish a proper response to this very problematic article, but let me start with a twitter thread on why this argument is extremely deceptive.... 1/.
有空我一定对这篇问题文章作一篇完整的回应,现在我先推特简单讲一下为什么这篇文章说法非常具有迷惑性
1st, its argument is a prime example of China’s “whataboutism” vs. the US – the US did horrible things in the name of the War on Terror; why can’t we? 2/20
首先,这篇文章是非常典型的、中国用“你们还不是一样”来反驳美国的例子——美国以反恐战争的名义做了非常可怕的事情,那为什么中国不可以?
The larger problem is the War on Terror’s ability to dehumanize any given Muslim population due to its lack of definition of what constitutes a ‘terrrorist.’ This opens the door for any state’s manipulation of the term to label those Muslims they do not like as ‘terrorists’ 3/20
反映出的更大的问题,是美国反恐战争因为没有明确定义什么是“恐怖分子”,而将所有穆斯林人口敌对化。这为其他国家将自己不喜欢的穆斯林标记为“恐怖分子”打开了一扇门。
Yes, it is despicable that the US used GWOT disingenuously as a pretext to invade Iraq, but it is also abhorrent that the PRC is using GWOT disingenuously to obliterate the native peoples of one of its regions. Both acts are reprehensible and can be condemned simultaneously 4/20
没错,美国将反恐战争作为借口侵略伊拉克是无耻的,但中国以反恐战争为借口欺负自己国家的原住民也是无耻的。两种做法都是应该被谴责的
2nd, the article uses many inaccuracies and manipulations to assert that China faces a grave ‘terrorist threat’ from within the population of the Uyghur region. The author says “terrorism was spiraling out of control in Xinjiang and remains a serious threat today” Wrong! 5/20
其次,文章使用各种故意模糊、篡改来断言中国面对严重的来自新疆当地居民的“恐怖主义威胁”。作者说“恐怖主义在新疆失控,直到今天仍然是巨大威胁”。胡扯!
Like many Chinese defenses of policies in the region, the article calls out the July 2009 Urumqi riots as the most abhorrent “terrorist act” allegedly carried out by Uyghurs. These riots had nothing to do with ‘terrorism,’ Islam, or ‘extremism.’ 6/20
和中国政府在新疆政策上的很多辩护一样,此文将2009年乌鲁木齐骚乱(七五事件)称为由维族发起的“恐怖主义行为”。其实那些骚乱跟所谓的“恐怖主义”、伊斯兰教、“极端思想”没有任何关系。
They began as a peaceful student protest asking for justice for the killing of several Uyghurs in a factory in south China. Law enforcement violent suppression of the protest spun into street violence that led to ethnic violence – both Uyghur on Han and Han on Uyghur 7/20
骚乱的起因是学生和平示威,要求政府为维族工人在工厂和汉族发生纠纷被杀一事主持公道。执法部门对该次抗议的暴力镇压,导致了汉维两族之间街头暴力、种族仇视的持续升级。
These riots were a product of the tensions caused by rapid state-led development in the region and the associated in-migration of Han seeking economic opportunity, combined with the structural racism of the PRC’s justice system that failed to investigate the factory deaths 8/20
由政府主持的经济建设活动以及随之而来的汉人移民寻找经济机会造成的民族关系紧张,加上中国司法系统所具有的系统性的种族歧视所导致的无法对工厂死亡事件进行(令维族人满意的)调查,最终合在一起导致了这场骚乱。
Next, he points to 2 of the 4 violent incidents allegedly carried out by Uyghurs inside China that do appear to be ‘terrorist acts,’ but for which there is no evidence connecting them to any organized ‘extremist’ group – Urumqi market and Kunming train station in 2014 9/20
接着,文章又指出4起据称由维族组织的暴力事件中的两起——乌鲁木齐市场爆炸案、昆明火车站砍杀案——是“恐怖主义行为”,然而没有任何证据能将这些行为与任何“极端”组织挂钩。
He suggests that ETIM claimed responsibility for these attacks, but it did not. First, ETIM (actually called ETIP) was a small group of Uyghur militants in Afghanistan that never carried out any violence anywhere and ceased to exist in 2003. Furthermore… 10/19
文章说“东突厥伊斯兰运动”声称对这些事件负责,纯属胡扯。首先,东伊运(现在改名叫东突厥伊斯兰党)是位于阿富汗的一群维族人组成的武装,他们从来没有在任何地方发动任何暴力事件,而且2003年就已经倒闭了,此外
The Turkistan Islamic Party (TIP), a small group in Waziristan that claimed the legacy of ETIP, never claimed credit for any violence in China, but only made videos praising such violence - and there is no evidence that they ever had any followers or presence inside China 11/20
突厥伊斯兰党(TIP),一个位于瓦济里斯坦(巴基斯坦山部地区)的一个声称继承东突党遗志的武装组织,从来没有声称对发生在中国境内的任何暴力事件负责,虽然他们曾经发布过赞扬这些暴力行为的视频。没有任何证据证明他们在中国境内有支持者或者参与者。
These limited number of ‘terrorist attacks’ were likely carried out by a small number of disgruntled Uyghurs with no connection to global ‘terrorist networks’ or any organization, provoked by state violence and securitization in their homeland 12/20
这些屈指可数的“恐怖袭击”,更有可能是由一小群对社会不满的、与全球“恐怖分子网络”或者其他组织没有联系的维族人,在国家针对性的压迫,以及家乡受到资源掠夺的双重压力下发起的。
He also writes “the UN identified thousands of Uygur Islamic State fighters in Syria and Afghanistan” – wrong! UN identified several thousands of Uyghurs primarily in Syria by 2014 - recruited to TIP from Turkey (maybe with Turkish gov’t help) after fleeing China post-2009 13/20
文章还说“联合国在叙利亚和阿富汗指认了几千名维族ISIS战士”——胡扯!联合国2014年(主要是在叙利亚)指认了几千名维族人——这些人是2009年逃离中国之后,从土耳其招募到突厥伊斯兰党(TIP)的。(译者注:在网上流传的穿军服、挂东突蓝星月国旗、持枪、用汉语叫嚣要打回新疆的士兵,大部分应该是突厥伊斯兰党招募的原新疆维族)
TIP in Syria is a real fighting force, but more mercenaries than terrorists, and there is no evidence they have ever carried out violence inside China. Also – they are not the Islamic State! Not all foreign fighters in Syria are ISIS! 14/20
突厥伊斯兰党(TIP)在叙利亚确实参战了,但他们更像是雇佣军(译者注:土耳其在叙利亚战争中一直插手)而不是恐怖分子,而且没有任何证据证明他们在中国境内发起过任何暴力事件。重点是,他们不是ISIS!叙利亚的外籍士兵并不都是ISIS!!(译者注:没错,有很多外籍士兵去叙利亚支持库尔德武装,跟ISIS作战)
In short, there has been violence in the Uyghur region for many years – both state violence against Uyghurs and Uyghur violent resistance to the state, but this has nothing to do with ‘terrorism,’ ‘extremism,’ or Islam 15/20
总之,新疆维族地区的暴力持续很多年了,不管是国家对维族的暴力,还是维族对国家暴力的抵抗。但这和所谓的“恐怖主义”、“极端思想”或者伊斯兰教没有一分钱关系
The idea that violence or resistance from the Uyghur population is attributed to radical Islamic beliefs inside China’s Uyghur region has given the state a pretext to suspect all Uyghurs of being ‘extremists’ and to incarcerate or violently ‘re-educate’ 100,000s 16/20
将一切来自新疆维族人的暴力或者抵抗统统归咎于伊斯兰极端思想,为中国政府将所有维族人怀疑为“极端分子”收入监狱或者进行粗暴的、接近百万人规模的“再教育”做好了铺垫。
The policies in the region are NOT a response to a real or imagined ‘terrorist threat’ – they are a means of pacifying all Uyghurs, eliminating their voice, breaking their solidarity and attachment to territory to open the way for mass state-led development 17/20
新疆现行的很多政策,根本不是在应对所谓的“恐怖主义威胁”,而是在限制维族行动,消灭维族声音,破坏维族团结以及他们对故乡的感情,为国家在新疆进一步的大规模建设铺路
Yes, the US is in an awkward position to criticize these atrocities because it was a US original sin to manipulate GWOT for other purposes. But, this does not absolve China of responsibility for repeating the same sins. 18/20
没错,在批评中国政府迫害维族的问题上,美国确实处于一个非常尴尬的位置,因为将反恐作为借口用于其他目的,是美国的原罪之一。但这不等于中国重复美国的罪行就是合理的。
And, most importantly, there is no justification for the abhorrent atrocities being committed by the PRC against Uyghurs and related peoples, which ultimately amount to cultural genocide and are likely in violation of the UN Convention on genocide 19/20
而且更重要的是,中国政府对维族人以及其他民族人所施加的这种,最终将导致文化灭绝甚至触犯联合国对种族屠杀定义的暴行,是没有任何正义性可言的
This author is a western-educated former World Bank employee in Hong Kong, but that only makes him more adept at manipulating GWOT to justify atrocities, something western audiences have unfortunately become immune to since 9/11 20/20
这篇文章的作者是接受过西方高等教育的、世界银行在香港的一名前雇员,但他所受的教育仅仅是让他更加擅长以反恐为理由为暴行正名。这种卑鄙的伎俩,我们西方人民自9/11以来见得多啦,才不会上当呢
By the way, if you want to dispute my analysis here, please read my book first since I articulate these points in much more detail with more evidence than 280 characters allow
最后,如果你一定要反驳我,麻烦先读一下我写的书 《The War on the Uyghurs》(《抗维战争》),里面讲得更详细,推特毕竟有字数限制