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京都大学即将拆除的危房--学生宿舍“吉田寮”的前世今生

邹韬奋 外逃贪官CA
邹韬奋  ·  2021年10月9日 虽然韬光养晦,亦当奋起而争(拜登永不为奴:h.2047.one)

https://www.japantimes.co.jp/community/2018/09/29/issues/kyoto-dorm-time-forgot-japanese-students-dig/

原文
KYOTO – The reception area at Yoshida Dormitory, a 105-year-old student residency in Kyoto University, is reached via a short lane lined by tall gingko trees and rows of bicycles, some of which look like they have been stationary for as long it would take to complete a Ph.D. The classic wooden entrance is a portal into another world, clouded in cigarette smoke, where defiance and progressiveness mix easily with cats and chickens.

In some ways, Yoshida Ryo, as its known in Japanese, is like a museum, with pieces of history and debris strewn everywhere. It’s also an outlier: Rent for one month is ¥2,500, the toilets are all unisex, and the dormitory is run and managed by students. That includes the resident clutch of chickens.

On Sept. 30, Kyoto University wants all 170-plus students out of Yoshida Dormitory. The official reasoning: The tumbledown wooden dormitory is a safety risk, especially in the event of a strong earthquake. On this point, and possibly this point only, the university and the students of Yoshida Dormitory are in agreement.

For the students at Yoshida Dormitory it’s not just the building that’s at stake, but the institution: Without a base, a home, that institution — and 100 years of doing things differently — will crumble.

So, come the day — the hour hasn’t been specified — the students will not budge. On some level, Kyoto University surely knows this. Since the late 1970s, university officials have been fighting to get the dormitory closed. On March 31, 1986, owing to the deterioration of the dorm, the university set a deadline to have students move out. They didn’t.

It’s a war of attrition that boils over every few years, and while this month’s eviction deadline states that “students must move out,” they won’t.

Besides, the dormitory committee have made their intentions quite clear. On the main road outside the dormitory stretched across a manicured hedge, a large banner reads in Japanese and English: “Yoshida Dorm Is Calling for New Students.”

Budget beds and bold ideas

Since its inception in 1913 as a residence for male undergraduates at Kyoto University, Yoshida Dormitory has been self-governing. Students are also responsible for selecting applicants. In 1985 the dorm began accepting female students, and foreign students followed in 1990.

Past residents of Yoshida Dormitory include physicist and Nobel Prize laureate Isamu Akasaki, journalist and Sunday Mainchi editor Takao Iwami, as well as Shiro Ishii, a surgeon general in the Imperial Japanese Army and the director of Unit 731, Japan’s notorious biological warfare unit set up in China during World War II.

Besides being physically unlike any modern college dorm, Yoshida has a markedly different atmosphere. The hierarchical structure in many college dorms in Japan and nearly all university circles has been flattened, and they’ve ditched the polite formalities that accompany it.

For some students the dormitory’s attraction is its history, it’s live-and-let-live attitude, its politics and progressiveness. There’s also a good deal of quirkiness to dormitory life, such as the committee that meets about the chickens — committees are a big thing at Yoshida — or the annual events, which include the Kamo River Race, a competitive run organized by the dorm. Like the dorm, the race is not run-of-the-mill: Competitors run in the river that runs though the center of Kyoto.

For others the selling point is that four-digit figure: ¥2,500 for one month (¥400 rent, ¥1,600 utilities and ¥500 for the students association). To put that into perspective, right alongside Yoshida Dormitory stands Yoshida International House, a cookie-cutter dormitory where the cheapest accommodation starts at ¥38,000 a month.

‘Dilapidated, decrepit, dirty’

In 2010, CNN featured Yoshida Dormitory on its website. Its clickbait headline was “Yoshida-ryo: Dilapidated, decrepit and downright dirty.” The article, which is far less titillating than the headline, is accompanied by photos that document the state of the old dorm.

Judging by a recent visit, not much has changed, except the students are a lot more weary of the media. They want publicity, but not the negativity. To which one could say: “Why not take a leaf out of a KonMari book and declutter?” But it’s doubtful the students at Yoshida know or care about KonMari, and it’s pretty clear their fight isn’t with dirt.

When Sophia Yates, a final-year politics student at the University of Melbourne, stayed at Yoshida Dormitory in 2016 her primary motivation was straightforward: She wanted to be around as many Japanese students as possible in order to improve her Japanese.

Like many prospective students, Yates had seen pictures of the dorm on the internet before moving in. Still, she was “pretty shocked,” she says. “It was filthy.”

But Yates also wanted to do something out of the ordinary.

“I knew that they were like a huge anti-establishment dormitory and it was a really strange place, so I’d definitely give it a go.”

The low rent also helped.

“It’s not luxury, so you are paying for it in some ways,” she says, laughing.

Yates was accepted to stay after an interview in the manga library, home to a lot of moths and insects as well as books.

Even though her stay was only six months — one of which she spent living in a room with 11 other students — Yates says she would have been happy to stay longer at the dormitory.

“I was really sad to leave,” she explains. “Yoshida Ryo is a really accepting place where everyone is welcome. For example, there’s a lot of LGBTI students, students of all ages, students who wear very unusual clothing and are really outgoing, really quiet students, and all of these people are accepted. I think that’s quite different to the rest of Japan.”

Yates keeps in regular contact with students at Yoshida and has been helping with translation for the dormitory’s website, which details its ongoing negotiations with the university authorities.

A means to an end?

As Kyoto University has made clear in its “Basic Policy to Ensure the Safety of Yoshida-Ryo Resident Students,” the university has “a social responsibility to provide its students with a safe and effective learning environment.”

For nearly 40 years the university has been sounding the alarm that a large earthquake could seriously damage the old wooden dormitory. In the meantime, the construction’s condition has been worsening.

The university maintains that in order to fulfill this responsibility, no new students should be admitted to Yoshida and all those already there should be out by the end of September. The university also promised to find alternative accommodation for full-time students for the same rent for the duration of their degree.

As to the fate of the 105 -year-old-dorm, the university is being vague at best, stating that it will “continue addressing the issue of the old Yoshida Ryo building, and is considering increasing the number of dormitory rooms that it provides for use by its students.”

Contacted for more information on their plans for the old dorm, the university’s answer was the same as above: They would continue to examine the issue of what to do with the old building.

The students at Yoshida Dorm are, to put it bluntly, having none of it. While none of the students or negotiators would go on the record — all requests for quotes and comments from the students had to be approved by a committee, which ultimately declined to co-operate with us for this article — it’s clear from public records and from our meeting with students that they want the old building to be spared both for its history and its architectural heritage. They are also demanding that repairs be carried out while they continue living in the dorm.

Yates, on the phone from Australia, says: “A lot of my friends there are really concerned that if there is an earthquake they could all die — they’re not happy about it. They would love someone to fix up the dorm.”

Adding to the students’ suspicions, university authorities — led by Shinsuke Kawazoe, executive vice president for student affairs and library services — are demanding that students also vacate the far newer halls of residence at Yoshida Dormitory, which were built in 2015 and are therefore up to modern safety standards.

The university insists because they don’t know which students are living where — in the old or new dormitories — it is imperative that all students leave. The students deny this, saying that have detailed information of all residents and where they are living, and have approached university authorities with the accommodation lists.

Yates may be nearer to the mark when she says: “Look at it — it looks like a slum and it’s right on the campus of Kyoto University. It’s probably quite embarrassing for the upstanding university officials.”

And it’s also, as she noted, a “hotbed of political activism.”. What the students of Yoshida Dormitory really face is an existential crisis.

The fight goes on

In a version of art imitating life, Aya Watanabe drew on the unfolding story at Yoshida Dormitory for the NHK drama “Wonderwall,” which pitched a Kyoto dormitory association against university officials.

“This kind of argument is not only limited to the field of university, but it’s also relevant to a wider issue: how we live as a society,” Watanabe told Yahoo News. “I hope that a place like Yoshida Ryo will always exist in our society. The building itself and the spirit that inhabits the building are inseparable, so if you destroy one of them, you cannot rebuild them easily.”

William Andrews, author of “Dissenting Japan: A History of Japanese Radicalism and Counterculture from 1945 to Fukushima,” says that while the Yoshida Dormitory is a local issue, “it arguably exemplifies the ham-fisted approach to student autonomy of Japanese universities.”

According to Andrews, colleges in Japan, especially private universities, have over the past two decades successfully “cleansed” campuses of political groups. At Kyoto University this battle has even extended to large signboards, “which are such a potent tool for student self-expression — political or otherwise.”

For the students at Yoshida Dormitory, Sept. 30 has been coming a long time now. It’s also a kind of Groundhog Day. They’re prepared for it and prepared to, well, to do not much on that day. They’re certainly not going anywhere. As far as the students are concerned, you don’t just walk out on 105 years of history and autonomy.

As for Kyoto University, when we asked what they would do in the event of students staying put, they replied, “No comment.” In some ways, both sides are more alike than they let on.

译文:

京都--吉田宿舍(又称吉田寮)是京都大学一个有105年历史的学生宿舍,通过一条短小的巷子就可以到达,两旁是高大的银杏树和一排排的自行车,其中一些自行车看起来已经静止了很久,就像完成一个博士学位一样。经典的木制入口是进入另一个世界的门户,烟雾缭绕,那里的反抗和进步,就和里面的猫和鸡一样混合在一起。

在某些方面,吉田寮,正如它的日语名字一样,就像一个博物馆,到处散落着历史的碎片和残骸。它也是一个异类。一个月的租金是2500日元,厕所都是中性的,宿舍是由学生经营和管理的。这包括常驻的一窝鸡。

9月30日,京都大学希望所有170多名学生离开吉田宿舍。官方的理由是。失修的木制宿舍有安全隐患,特别是在发生强烈地震时。在这一点上,可能也只有这一点,大学和吉田宿舍的学生是一致的。

对于吉田宿舍的学生来说,这不仅仅是建筑的问题,而是机构的问题。没有一个基地,一个家,这个机构--以及100年来的不同做法--将崩溃。

因此,到了这一天--时间还没有确定--学生们不会让步。在某种程度上,京都大学肯定知道这一点。自20世纪70年代末以来,大学官员一直在为关闭宿舍而斗争。1986年3月31日,由于宿舍的恶化,大学设定了一个让学生搬走的最后期限。他们没有这样做。

这是一场每隔几年就会沸腾一次的消耗战,虽然这个月的驱逐期限规定 "学生必须搬走",但他们不会。

此外,宿舍委员会已经很清楚地表明了他们的意图。在宿舍外的主干道上,延伸出一个修剪整齐的树篱,一个巨大的横幅用日语和英语写着。"吉田宿舍正在征集新学生"。

预算床位和大胆的想法:

自1913年作为京都大学男性本科生的宿舍成立以来,吉田宿舍一直实行自治管理。学生也负责选择申请人。1985年,该宿舍开始接受女学生,1990年外国学生也加入进来。

吉田宿舍过去的住户包括物理学家和诺贝尔奖获得者赤崎勇(Isamu Akasaki)、记者和《星期日新闻》编辑岩见隆夫(Takao Iwami),以及日本帝国陆军的外科医生和731部队的主任石井史郎(Shiro Ishii),这是日本在第二次世界大战期间在中国设立的臭名昭著的生物战部队。

除了在物理上与任何现代大学宿舍不同之外,吉田还有一个明显不同的氛围。在日本的许多大学宿舍和几乎所有的大学圈子里,等级结构已经扁平化,他们已经抛弃了伴随着等级结构的礼貌性手续。

对一些学生来说,宿舍的吸引力在于它的历史,它的生活和生活态度,它的政治和进步性。宿舍生活也有很多怪异之处,比如开会讨论鸡的问题的委员会--委员会在吉田是一件大事--或者年度活动,包括加茂河比赛,这是一个由宿舍组织的竞争性跑步。和宿舍一样,这个比赛也不是一般的比赛。竞争者在贯穿京都中心的河流中跑步。

对其他人来说,卖点是那个四位数的数字。一个月2500日元(租金400日元,水电费1600日元,学生会500日元)。从这个角度来看,吉田宿舍旁边就是吉田国际宿舍,这是一个曲高和寡的宿舍,最便宜的住宿条件是每月38,000日元。

“破旧、衰败、肮脏”

2010年,CNN在其网站上介绍了吉田宿舍。其点击率高的标题是 "吉田寮:破旧、衰败、肮脏"。这篇文章远没有标题那么吸引人,文章中还附有照片,记录了旧宿舍的状况。

从最近的访问来看,没有什么变化,只是学生们对媒体更加厌倦了。他们想要宣传,但不想要负面的东西。对此,人们可以说。"为什么不从KonMari (近藤玛丽,著名的日本收纳大师)的书中抽出一页,进行整理?" 但是,吉田的学生可能不知道或不关心KonMari,而且很明显,他们的斗争并不是与污物斗争。

当墨尔本大学政治系最后一年的学生索菲亚-耶茨(Sophia Yates)于2016年住进吉田宿舍时,她的主要动机很直接。她想尽可能多地接触日本学生,以提高她的日语水平。

像许多未来的学生一样,耶茨在入住前已经在网上看到了宿舍的照片。不过,她还是 "相当震惊",她说。"它很脏"。

但耶茨也想做一些不寻常的事情。

"我知道他们就像一个巨大的反体制的宿舍,这是一个非常奇怪的地方,所以我肯定会给它一个机会。"

低租金也有帮助。

"这不是奢侈品,所以你在某些方面是要付钱的,"她笑着说。

耶茨在漫画图书馆进行面试后被接受留下来,这里是很多飞蛾和昆虫以及书籍的家。

尽管她的逗留时间只有六个月--其中一个月她和其他11名学生住在一个房间里--但耶茨说她很乐意在宿舍里呆更长时间。

"我真的很难过要离开,"她解释说。"吉田寮是一个真正包容的地方,每个人都受到欢迎。例如,有很多LGBTI学生,各种年龄段的学生,穿着非常特别的衣服,非常外向的学生,非常安静的学生,所有这些人都被接受。我认为这与日本其他地方很不一样"。

耶茨经常与吉田的学生保持联系,并一直在帮助翻译该宿舍的网站,该网站详细介绍了其与大学当局的持续谈判。

** 目的还是手段?**

正如京都大学在其 "确保吉田寮居民学生安全的基本政策 "中明确指出的那样,该大学有 "为学生提供安全和有效的学习环境的社会责任"。

近40年来,该大学一直在敲响警钟,大地震可能会严重破坏老式木制宿舍。与此同时,该建筑的状况也在不断恶化。

大学坚持认为,为了履行这一责任,吉田寮不应收留新学生,所有已经在那里的学生应在9月底前离开。大学还承诺为全日制学生在学位期间以同样的租金找到替代的住所。

至于有105年历史的宿舍的命运,该大学充其量只是含糊其辞,表示它将 "继续解决吉田寮旧楼的问题,并考虑增加提供给学生使用的宿舍房间的数量。"

联系他们以了解更多关于旧宿舍计划的信息,该大学的回答与上述相同。他们将继续研究如何处理这栋旧楼的问题。

吉田宿舍的学生们,直截了当地说,没有任何意见。虽然没有一个学生或谈判代表愿意公开发表意见--所有向学生提出的报价和意见都必须得到一个委员会的批准,而该委员会最终拒绝与我们合作撰写这篇文章--但从公共记录和我们与学生的会面中可以看出,他们希望保留这栋老楼,因为它的历史和建筑遗产。他们还要求在他们继续住在宿舍的时候进行维修。

耶茨在来自澳大利亚的电话中说:"我在那里的很多朋友都非常担心,如果发生地震,他们可能都会死掉--他们对此很不高兴。他们很希望有人能把宿舍修好"。

除了学生们的怀疑,大学当局--由负责学生事务和图书馆服务的执行副校长Shinsuke Kawazoe领导--要求学生们也搬出吉田宿舍的远较新的宿舍,这些宿舍建于2015年,因此达到了现代安全标准。

校方坚持认为,因为他们不知道哪些学生住在哪里--是住在旧宿舍还是新宿舍,所以所有学生都必须离开。学生们否认了这一点,说他们有所有住户的详细信息以及他们的住处,并且已经向大学当局提交了住宿名单。

耶茨可能更接近事实,她说:"看看吧--它看起来像一个贫民窟,而且就在京都大学的校园里。对于正直的大学官员来说,这可能是相当尴尬的。"

而且,正如她所指出的,它也是一个 "政治活动的温床"。吉田宿舍的学生真正面临的是生存危机。

** 斗争在继续 **

在一个艺术模仿生活的版本中,渡边绫在NHK电视剧《Wonderwall》中借鉴了吉田宿舍正在发生的故事,该剧将京都的一个宿舍协会与大学官员联系起来。

"这种争论不仅限于大学领域,它还与一个更广泛的问题有关:我们如何作为一个社会生活,"渡边告诉雅虎新闻。"我希望像吉田寮这样的地方能一直存在于我们的社会中。建筑本身和居住在建筑中的精神是不可分割的,所以如果你破坏了其中一个,你就不能轻易地重建它们"。

威廉-安德鲁斯,《持不同意见的日本》的作者。从1945年到福岛的日本激进主义和反文化史》说,虽然吉田宿舍是一个地方问题,"它可以说是日本大学对学生自治的仓促做法的典范"。

根据安德鲁斯的说法,日本的大学,特别是私立大学,在过去的20年里成功地 "清洗 "了校园里的政治团体。在京都大学,这场斗争甚至延伸到了大型招牌,"这些招牌是学生自我表达的有力工具--政治或其他方面"。

对于吉田宿舍的学生来说,9月30日已经来了很久了。这也是一种土拨鼠日(注:电影Groundhog Day,讲的是永远循环的日子)。他们已经准备好了,并且准备好了,嗯,在那一天不做什么。他们当然不会去任何地方。就学生而言,你不能就这样走出105年的历史和自主权。

至于京都大学,当我们问到他们在学生不走的情况下会怎么做时,他们回答说:"无可奉告"。在某些方面,双方的观点比他们自己说的还要一致。


译自DeepL,人工修改. EDIT:这栋楼至今也没有被拆

菜单
  1. 能井 元悪魔候補生
    能井   銀髮赤瞳。筋肉美少女。修復系魔法師。身長209cm。体重124kg。

    根据吉田寮为背景的动漫推荐一部《四叠半神话大系》。该动画改编自号称“京大双壁”之一的森见登美彦同名小说,该作者另有《有顶天家族》等作品。

  2. natasha 饭姐
    natasha  

    脏乱差对学生来说都不是问题。租金便宜以及没人管,这才是最大吸引力。脏乱差也不是主管单位担心的问题,他们怕的是失序。

    主管者不在乎学生过什么日子,他只担心有一天这里出了问题,不管是塌房、犯罪,或者滋生出不可控的不同政见团体,那么责任就来了。而崭新明亮的宿舍,则代表着可控,可管理,秩序能够一直维持。

    吉田寮学生对主管部门的抗议,本质是无政府主义与体制的对抗。