@NoStepOnSnek #193874 這是關於這個詞的定義的問題。
You shall not commit adultery.
לֹא תִּנְאָֽף׃ ס
Oxford Dictionary of English. Adultery. Voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and a person who is not their spouse.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Lexicon. נָאַף. Literally commit adultery: usually of man, always with wife of another; with accusative woman, Leviticus 20:10 (twice in verse) (H), Proverbs 6:32; elsewhere absolute.
Wikipedia. Adultery.
Both Judaism and Christianity base their injunction against adultery on passages in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament in Christianity), which firstly prohibits adultery in the Seventh Commandment: "Thou shalt not commit adultery." (Exodus 20:12). However, Judaism and Christianity differ on what actually constitutes adultery.
Leviticus 20:10 goes on to define what constitutes adultery in the Hebrew Bible, and it also prescribes the punishment as capital punishment. This verse, however, defines adultery in very specific and narrow terms, and thus in the Jewish tradition adultery is not less than actual sexual intercourse between a man and a married woman that is not his lawful wife:
And the man that committeth adultery with another man's wife, even he that committeth adultery with his neighbour's wife, the adulterer and the adulteress shall surely be put to death.
Significantly, the Hebrew Bible’s definition of adultery and penalty for adultery does not apply to either participant if the female participant is unmarried, irrespective of the marital status of the male participant (he himself could be married or unmarried, it is irrelevant).
This means that, if the man was married to another woman, but the woman he had sexual relations with was unmarried to anyone, both might be guilty of fornication, but the actions of neither of them adulterate or risk adulterating the genetic lineage of a married man, thus their actions do not fall under the Hebrew Bible’s definition of adultery in these passages.
Catholicism ties fornication with breaking the sixth commandment in its Catechism.
Some churches such as The [Mormon] Church … have interpreted "adultery" to include all sexual relationships outside of marriage, regardless of the marital status of the participants.
Wikipedia. Thou shalt not commit adultery.
Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2380. Adultery refers to marital infidelity. When two partners, of whom at least one is married to another party, have sexual relations—even transient ones—they commit adultery.
According to the Catechism of the Catholic Church, those who are engaged must refrain from sexual relations until after the marriage ceremony. This exercise of restraint in order to keep the commandment against adultery is also seen as important practice for fidelity within marriage.
The tradition of the Catholic Church has understood the commandment against adultery as encompassing the whole of human sexuality, and so pornography is declared a violation of this commandment. Several other sexual activities that may or may not involve married persons are also directly addressed and prohibited in the Catechism.
Adultery is viewed not only as a sin between an individual and God but as an injustice that reverberates through society by harming its fundamental unit, the family.
The catechism of the Council of Trent (Part III), published in 1566, defined adultery even more strictly than at present, stating "This commandment, then, resolves itself into two heads; the one expressed, which prohibits adultery; the other implied, which inculcates purity of mind and body." Thus linking the commandment against adultery to the sin of lust in general.
John Calvin understood the commandment against adultery to extend to sexual relations outside of marriage.
Matthew Henry understood the commandment against adultery to prohibit sexual immorality in general, and he acknowledged the difficulty people experience: "This commandment forbids all acts of uncleanness, with all those fleshly lusts which produce those acts and war against the soul." Henry supports his interpretation with Matthew 5:28, where Jesus warns that whoever looks at a woman lustfully has already committed adultery with her in his heart.
John Wesley believed this scripture and the sure judgment of God, even though adulterers "frequently escape the sentence of men."
Martin Luther observed that there were many more people in his day who were unmarried for various reasons than in biblical times, which condition increased both temptation and sexual activities that are displeasing to God.
Wow. Based.
我从小讀和合本長大的。和合本是譯作「不可姦淫」。我也支持「此誡禁止所有淫慾的不潔、不端」的理解。